Montana · Federal data hub

Missoula, MT

0.119M people2 counties#2 of 3 in Montana$70,888 median HHIUpdated April 10, 2026

Investor first look

The numbers that matter most

What an investor checks first when sizing up a new metro — affordability ratio, rent vs income, cap rate proxy, and where the market is moving. Each metric shown vs. state and national medians for instant context.

expensive

Price to income

5.89×

The single most-cited 'is this market still cheap' check. Below 3× and you're in an affordability tailwind.

vs Montana: 4.33×+1.56
vs U.S.: 3.43×+2.46

Benchmark

5.89×

▼

affordable

moderate

expensive

0×–3×

3×–5×

5×–7×

ACS median home value ÷ median HHI

moderate

Rent to income

28.0%

What share of a typical household's income goes to rent. Below 30% means tenants can absorb modest rent increases.

vs Montana: 23.3%+4.7
vs U.S.: 23.3%+4.7

Benchmark

28.0%

▼

comfortable

moderate

burdened

15%–25%

25%–30%

30%–40%

(HUD FMR 2BR × 12) ÷ median HHI

tight

Cap rate proxy

3.09%

Rough first-pass yield assuming a 35% expense ratio. Not an underwriting number — a 'is this even worth modeling' filter.

vs Montana: 3.43%-0.33
vs U.S.: 4.35%-1.25

Benchmark

3.09%

▼

tight

deal-by-deal

solid

1%–3%

3%–5%

5%–7%

(FMR 2BR × 12 × 0.65) ÷ ACS median home value

shrinking

Net migration

-0.03%

Forward-looking demand signal. Positive net migration drives rent growth and absorbs new supply.

vs Montana: -0.02%-0.01
vs U.S.: 0.03%-0.06

Benchmark

-0.03%

▼

shrinking

steady

growing

-1%–-0.1%

-0.1%–+0.1%

+0.1%–+1%

IRS net migration ÷ population

strong

Permit pipeline

7.36

permits per 1,000 residents

Forward-supply indicator. Above ~5 means the metro is building meaningfully relative to its size; below 2 means supply is tight.

vs Montana: 6.03+1.33
vs U.S.: 3.52+3.84

Benchmark

7.36

▼

tight

moderate

strong

0–2

2–5

5–10

Census BPS permits TTM ÷ population × 1,000

healthy

Unemployment

3.6%

Tighter unemployment means higher wages, more rental demand, lower vacancy.

vs Montana: 3.6%=
vs U.S.: 3.9%-0.3

Benchmark

3.6%

▼

healthy

normal

loose

2%–4%

4%–5.5%

5.5%–8%

BLS LAUS, latest month

Home values

Where prices are and where they've been

5-year price appreciation

+64.7%

homeValues.yearOverYear

-2.3%

Median home value

$417,300

Rents

The rent ladder

Bedroom	Monthly	Annual	% of median HHI
1 BR	$1,400	$16,800	23.7%
2 BR	$1,655	$19,860	28.0%
3 BR	$2,302	$27,624	39.0%

Jobs & income

Labor market direction

Unemployment

3.6%

Median household income

$70,888

Supply pipeline

What's being built

Total TTM

873

+18.0% YoY

Single-family

397

2–4 unit

5+ unit

405

Counties

All 2 counties, ranked by population

County	Population	Home value	Median HHI	Permits TTM	YoY
Missoula County	118,541	$423,100	$71,246	871	+18.2%
Mineral County	4,652	$313,600	$61,117	2	-60.0%

Peer metros

Similar metros nationally

Metro	Pop	Med HHI	P/I	Cap proxy	HPI 5y	Permits/1k	Unemp
★Missoula	118,541	$70,888	5.89×	3.09%	+64.7%	7.36	3.6%
Sheboygan, WI	117,741	$71,898	—	—	+65.9%	—	2.6%
Lawrence, KS	119,094	$68,756	—	—	+50.2%	—	3.1%
Michigan City-La Porte, IN	112,215	$70,452	—	—	+59.7%	—	3.1%
Ames, IA	125,273	$71,090	—	—	+43.9%	—	2.4%
Staunton, VA	125,355	$70,949	—	—	+55.3%	—	2.9%

Migration

Where people are moving in from

Net migration

-36

-0.03% of population

Origin county	Tax returns
Ravalli County, MT	258
Gallatin County, MT	153
Flathead County, MT	135
Lewis and Clark County, MT	118
Lake County, MT	115
Yellowstone County, MT	107

Demographic backbone

Who lives in Missoula

Median age: 37
Bachelor's+: 45.1%
Owner-occupancy: 60.5%
Vacancy rate: 8.2%
Rent burdened (30%+): 45.9%
Median household income: $70,888

This page shows federally sourced data. A full editorial analysis with charts and investment commentary is in progress.