Illinois · Federal data hub

Springfield, IL

0.208M people2 counties#7 of 13 in Illinois$74,580 median HHIUpdated April 10, 2026

Investor first look

The numbers that matter most

What an investor checks first when sizing up a new metro — affordability ratio, rent vs income, cap rate proxy, and where the market is moving. Each metric shown vs. state and national medians for instant context.

affordable

Price to income

2.29×

The single most-cited 'is this market still cheap' check. Below 3× and you're in an affordability tailwind.

vs Illinois: 2.49×-0.19
vs U.S.: 3.43×-1.14

Benchmark

2.29×

▼

affordable

moderate

expensive

0×–3×

3×–5×

5×–7×

ACS median home value ÷ median HHI

comfortable

Rent to income

19.4%

What share of a typical household's income goes to rent. Below 30% means tenants can absorb modest rent increases.

vs Illinois: 20.6%-1.3
vs U.S.: 23.3%-3.9

Benchmark

19.4%

▼

comfortable

moderate

burdened

15%–25%

25%–30%

30%–40%

(HUD FMR 2BR × 12) ÷ median HHI

deal-by-deal

Cap rate proxy

5.48%

Rough first-pass yield assuming a 35% expense ratio. Not an underwriting number — a 'is this even worth modeling' filter.

vs Illinois: 5.30%+0.18
vs U.S.: 4.35%+1.14

Benchmark

5.48%

▼

tight

deal-by-deal

solid

1%–3%

3%–5%

5%–7%

(FMR 2BR × 12 × 0.65) ÷ ACS median home value

shrinking

Net migration

-0.08%

Forward-looking demand signal. Positive net migration drives rent growth and absorbs new supply.

vs Illinois: -0.07%-0.01
vs U.S.: 0.03%-0.11

Benchmark

-0.08%

▼

shrinking

steady

growing

-1%–-0.1%

-0.1%–+0.1%

+0.1%–+1%

IRS net migration ÷ population

tight

Permit pipeline

1.02

permits per 1,000 residents

Forward-supply indicator. Above ~5 means the metro is building meaningfully relative to its size; below 2 means supply is tight.

vs Illinois: 1.23-0.21
vs U.S.: 3.52-2.50

Benchmark

1.02

▼

tight

moderate

strong

0–2

2–5

5–10

Census BPS permits TTM ÷ population × 1,000

softening

Unemployment

5.0%

Tighter unemployment means higher wages, more rental demand, lower vacancy.

vs Illinois: 5.3%-0.3
vs U.S.: 3.9%+1.1

Benchmark

5.0%

▼

healthy

normal

loose

2%–4%

4%–5.5%

5.5%–8%

BLS LAUS, latest month

Home values

Where prices are and where they've been

5-year price appreciation

+43.6%

homeValues.yearOverYear

+4.5%

Median home value

$171,100

Rents

The rent ladder

Bedroom	Monthly	Annual	% of median HHI
1 BR	$970	$11,640	15.6%
2 BR	$1,203	$14,436	19.4%
3 BR	$1,611	$19,332	25.9%

Jobs & income

Labor market direction

Unemployment

5.0%

Median household income

$74,580

Supply pipeline

What's being built

Total TTM

212

-11.8% YoY

Single-family

175

2–4 unit

5+ unit

Counties

All 2 counties, ranked by population

County	Population	Home value	Median HHI	Permits TTM	YoY
Sangamon County	196,122	$170,300	$74,114	201	-15.6%
Menard County	12,284	$179,300	$81,334	11	+57.1%

Peer metros

Similar metros nationally

Metro	Pop	Med HHI	P/I	Cap proxy	HPI 5y	Permits/1k	Unemp
★Springfield	208,406	$74,580	2.29×	5.48%	+43.6%	1.02	5.0%
Gainesville, GA	204,953	$77,430	—	—	+70.6%	—	2.5%
St. Cloud, MN	199,922	$75,670	—	—	+42.3%	—	4.9%
Racine, WI	197,068	$75,331	—	—	+58.0%	—	3.6%
Columbia, MO	211,078	$69,463	—	—	+56.3%	—	2.6%
Medford, OR	222,604	$71,443	—	—	+32.7%	—	5.5%

Migration

Where people are moving in from

Net migration

-168

-0.08% of population

Origin county	Tax returns
Cook County, IL	285
Sangamon County, IL	174
Macon County, IL	148
Menard County, IL	143
Macoupin County, IL	139
Morgan County, IL	138

Demographic backbone

Who lives in Springfield

Median age: 41
Bachelor's+: 34.6%
Owner-occupancy: 71.1%
Vacancy rate: 9.4%
Rent burdened (30%+): 41.3%
Median household income: $74,580

This page shows federally sourced data. A full editorial analysis with charts and investment commentary is in progress.