维护成本（Maintenance Costs）

Curing title is the process of resolving defects, claims, liens, or encumbrances on a property's title so that ownership can transfer cleanly to a new buyer. Until a title is cured, most lenders won't fund a mortgage and most title companies won't issue title insurance.

Churn rate is the percentage of tenants who vacate a rental property or portfolio during a specific period—typically measured annually. It's the inverse of tenant retention and one of the most direct indicators of property management effectiveness.

A rent collection system is the combination of payment methods, automation tools, enforcement policies, and accounting procedures a landlord uses to consistently collect rent on time—ranging from manual check collection to fully automated online platforms.

Loan recasting is a little-known alternative to refinancing where you make a lump-sum principal payment on your mortgage and the lender re-amortizes the remaining balance at the same interest rate, resulting in a lower monthly payment — without closing costs, credit checks, or a new loan.

An operating agreement is the governing document for an LLC—it spells out member roles, capital contributions, profit splits, voting rights, and what happens when someone wants out.

Gift Tax is a tax strategy concept that describes a specific aspect of how real estate transactions, analysis, or operations work in the context of tax optimization deals.