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Deal Analysis·3 min read·researchinvest

收购成本(Acquisition Cost)

Also known as总购入成本全含购入成本
Published May 23, 2024Updated Mar 22, 2026

What Is 收购成本(Acquisition Cost)?

收购成本 = 购买价格 + 过户费用。一套购价320,000美元、过户费用9,600美元的房产,收购成本 = 329,600美元。这是你实际为拥有这套物业支付的金额——不包括任何翻新或储备金。现金回报率使用收购成本(或如果加上翻新则为总投资)作为分母。不要仅使用购买价格——过户费用是实实在在花出去的钱。

收购成本(Acquisition Cost)是你为获得一处物业实际支付的总金额——购买价格加上过户费用。它是计算现金回报率总投资的基准。

At a Glance

  • 定义: 购买价格 + 过户费用
  • 意义: 真实的获取成本;交易分析的基准
  • 典型过户费用: 贷款金额的2%至4%
  • 用途: 计算现金回报率总投资
  • 不包括: 翻新费、储备金、资本支出
Formula

Acquisition Cost = Purchase Price + Closing Costs

How It Works

购买价格。 合同价格。卖方收到的金额。直截了当。

过户费用。 贷款手续费、评估费、产权保险、托管、登记费、预付税费和保险。买方通常支付贷款金额的2%至4%。以256,000美元贷款(320,000美元的80%)为例,过户费用为5,120至10,240美元。卖方可能在谈判中承担部分费用。

对回报的影响。 现金回报率 = 年现金流 ÷ 投入现金。投入现金包括首付加上过户费用。如果忽略过户费用,你会高估回报。首付64,000美元 + 过户费用8,000美元 = 投入72,000美元。年现金流4,800美元 ÷ 72,000美元 = 6.7%。仅用64,000美元计算 = 7.5%——这是错误的。

总投资的关系。 总投资 = 收购成本 + 翻新费 + 其他前期费用。对于直接可入住的物业,收购成本 = 总投资。对于需要翻新的物业,需要加上翻新费。

Real-World Example

陈薇在孟菲斯。 她对一栋四单元公寓出价385,000美元。过户费用:11,200美元(贷款手续费、评估、产权、托管、预付项目)。收购成本:396,200美元。首付25%:96,250美元。实际交割所需现金:96,250 + 11,200 = 107,450美元。她的现金流模型显示年收益6,200美元。现金回报率 = 6,200 ÷ 107,450 = 5.8%。如果她只用首付计算:6,200 ÷ 96,250 = 6.4%。0.6%的差异在比较交易时很重要。

Pros & Cons

Advantages
  • 反映真实的获取成本
  • 提高交易分析的准确性
  • 与贷方和税务处理保持一致
Drawbacks
  • 过户费用因贷方和地区而异
  • 容易低估——尽早获取贷款估算

Watch Out

  • 预付项目: 税费和保险的托管预付属于过户费用,但不算"沉没成本"——你是在为一个账户注资。仍然将其计入交割所需现金。
  • 卖方让步: 如果卖方承担部分过户费用,你的收购成本下降——调整模型。
  • 翻新费单独计算: 收购成本只包括购买 + 过户。翻新费归入总投资

Ask an Investor

The Takeaway

收购成本 = 购买价格 + 过户费用。在计算现金回报率交易分析时使用它。不要仅用购买价格——过户费用是实实在在的现金支出。

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